The agogo is a traditional percussion instrument consisting of two or more metal or wooden bells of varying sizes, linked together and played with a stick. Originating from West Africa, it was later adopted into Brazilian music through Afro-Brazilian traditions, particularly in samba and capoeira. The agogo produces bright, resonant tones and is used to play rhythmic patterns or to add a sharp, syncopated accent to ensemble music. It’s especially popular in Brazil, where it’s a key part of samba schools and carnival performances. Commonly played by percussionists, dancers, and capoeiristas, the agogo brings energy and cultural flair to rhythmic music.
History of Agogo
The agogo has its roots in West Africa, where it originated as a traditional bell instrument used in religious ceremonies and tribal music, particularly among the Yoruba people of Nigeria. Originally made from iron and played in pairs, it served both musical and spiritual functions, often accompanying drumming ensembles. While the exact date of its invention is unknown, it dates back hundreds—if not thousands—of years as part of African oral and musical traditions. The agogo was brought to Brazil through the transatlantic slave trade and became a key instrument in Afro-Brazilian music, especially in samba and capoeira. Its migration and adaptation highlight the blending of African and South American cultures through music.
Types of Agogo
There are two main types of agogo bells: traditional African agogos and Brazilian agogôs. Traditional African agogos are usually single or double iron bells with a handheld design, producing distinct high and low tones when struck with a metal or wooden stick. In contrast, Brazilian agogôs typically feature two or more conical metal bells welded together and connected by a U-shaped handle, allowing them to be played both by striking and squeezing for a clanging effect. These are most common in samba and capoeira. Agogos are known for their bright, cutting sound, rhythmic versatility, and ability to create syncopated patterns, making them a standout percussion instrument in both African and Latin American music traditions.
Castanha Agogo
Add a touch of South American rhythm to your collection with this traditional handmade Castanha Agogo duo drum from Gope Percussion. Crafted in Brazil from sustainable castanha-do-pará (Brazil nut) husks and wood, each bell delivers a distinct high and low pitch for a rich, melodic sound. Easy to play and perfect for beginners, this eco-friendly percussion piece comes with its own wooden beater. Lightweight, stylish, and responsibly made, it’s a unique addition to any percussion setup.
Purchase the Castanha Agogo Here.
Husk Agogo
The handmade Fruit Husk Agogo from Indonesia is a beautiful, eco-friendly percussion instrument crafted from solid wood and natural seed husks. Played with a hardwood beater, it produces crisp, clear tones—whether fast, slow, soft, or loud—based on your striking rhythm. With its unique Y-shaped design resembling a slingshot, it’s both visually striking and simple to use. Fair trade and sustainably made, this lightweight agogo is ideal for musicians and percussion lovers seeking a natural sound with artistic flair.
String Husk Agogo
The String Husk Agogo is a unique, eco-friendly percussion instrument designed to pair seamlessly with musical clothing accessories like belts, tunics, and bracelets. Crafted from natural Agogo fruit husks, it attaches easily with velcro tabs, allowing you to create rhythm through body movement. Handmade in Indonesia and fair trade, it offers a lovely, earthy tone and a fun, wearable way to bring music into motion—perfect for musicians and performers who want sound to follow their every step.
Purchase the String Husk Agogo Here.
Tips for Choosing the Right Agogo
When choosing the right agogo, consider the material (metal, wood, or natural husk), the number of bells or tones you want, and how you plan to use it—whether for performance, practice, or as part of a percussion ensemble. Metal agogos offer sharp, penetrating tones suited for samba and Afro-Brazilian music, while wooden or husk versions provide a softer, earthy sound ideal for acoustic or eco-conscious settings. Agogos are suitable for percussionists of all skill levels, from beginners exploring rhythm to professionals looking for unique tonal textures. Choose one that complements your musical style, volume needs, and comfort in handling.
The Pros and Cons of Buying a Second-Hand Agogo
Buying a second-hand agogo can be a great way to save money and find unique, vintage styles—especially if you're looking for a well-worn instrument with character. Many used agogos still produce excellent sound, especially metal ones, which are durable over time. However, cons include potential wear, rust, or damage (especially in wooden or husk versions), and hygiene concerns if the item wasn't well cared for. New agogos guarantee quality, hygiene, and longer lifespan, plus you’ll often have more choices in design and tone. Handmade agogos—especially those crafted from natural materials—are ideal for those who value sustainability, ethical production, and unique sound. If you're a beginner or gifting someone, new is safer. But if you're experienced and know what to look for, second-hand could be a gem.
Unique Agogo Accessories
Some great accessories for the agogo include a quality beater or striker—wooden or rubber-tipped—for varying tones, and a padded carrying case to protect it during transport. For wooden or husk agogos, occasional use of natural wood oil (like linseed or tung oil) can help preserve the material and keep it from drying out or cracking. You might also explore mounting brackets if you want to attach your agogo to a drum kit or percussion rig for hands-free play. For added fun and versatility, consider loop pedals or mics for amplifying and layering your agogo sounds in performance or recording settings.
Agogo in Popular Music
The agogo is most famously used in Afro-Brazilian music genres like samba and axé, where its bright, clanging tones cut through rhythmic layers during parades and carnival performances. It also appears in African traditional music, funk, and even modern jazz and fusion. Artists like Airto Moreira and groups such as Olodum have incorporated agogo bells into their recordings and live shows, appreciating its ability to add sharp, syncopated texture to complex rhythmic arrangements. Its portability and versatility have led to its use in schools, drum circles, and experimental music around the world.
